Introduction

The mango farming business has been a lucrative venture for centuries, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Mangoes, often referred to as the “King of Fruits,” are loved worldwide for their sweet taste and high nutritional value. With the growing demand for both fresh mangoes and processed mango products, starting a mango farming business can be a highly profitable and sustainable investment. This guide will walk you through everything you need to know—from choosing the right variety to marketing your produce.

Why Start a Mango Farming Business?

The global mango market is expanding due to increasing consumer demand for fresh fruits and healthy snacks. In countries like India, mango farming contributes significantly to the agricultural economy. Starting a mango farming business offers:

• High market demand locally and internationally

• Multiple income streams (fresh fruits, pulp, pickles, dried mango)

• Long-term returns (orchards can yield fruit for decades)

• Opportunities for organic and export farming

Choosing the Right Mango Varieties

Selecting the right variety is the first step to success in mango farming. Popular commercial varieties include:

• Alphonso—Known for its sweetness and aroma, highly demanded for export

• Kesar – Golden flesh with excellent taste, ideal for pulp and juice

• Dasheri—A favorite in North India, good for fresh fruit markets

• Banganapalli – Large fruit, long shelf life, suitable for transport

• Totapuri – Often used for processing into pulp and pickles

The choice depends on your region’s climate, soil conditions, and target market.

Ideal Climate and Soil for Mango Farming

Mango trees thrive in tropical and subtropical climates. They require:

• Temperature: 24°C to 30°C is ideal.

• Rainfall: 75–375 cm annually

• Soil: Well-drained sandy loam with pH 5.5–7.5
  Avoid waterlogged areas, as excessive moisture can damage roots.

Steps to Start a Mango Farming Business

1. Land Preparation

• Clear weeds and unwanted vegetation.

• Deep plowing for aeration

• Apply organic manure to improve soil fertility.

2. Planting

• Spacing: 8–10 meters between trees

• Pit size: 1 m x 1 m x 1 m filled with a mixture of soil and manure

• Best planting season: July–August (monsoon) or February–March in irrigated areas

3. Irrigation

• Water young plants weekly in summer.

• Mature trees need irrigation during flowering and fruit development.

• Drip irrigation helps save water and improve yield.

4. Fertilization

• Use a balanced mix of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

• Supplement with micronutrients like zinc and boron.

• Organic farming is encouraged for higher quality and export value.

5. Pruning and Training

• Remove diseased or weak branches.

• Maintain an open canopy for sunlight penetration.

6. Pest and Disease Management

• Common pests: Mango hopper, mealybug, fruit fly

• Diseases: Powdery mildew, anthracnose

• Use integrated pest management (IPM) techniques to reduce chemical use.

Harvesting and Yield

Mango trees start bearing fruit in 3–5 years (grafted plants) and reach full production by 8–10 years. Harvest when fruits mature but are still firm. On average, a well-maintained mango orchard can yield 8–10 tons per hectare annually.

Investment and Profit in Mango Farming Business

The initial investment includes land preparation, planting material, irrigation setup, and fertilizers. While the first few years require patience, once the orchard starts producing, profits can be substantial.
Example:

• Investment (per acre): ₹1.5–2 lakh in the first year

• Yield (mature orchard): 8–10 tons per acre

• Selling price: ₹50–100/kg (depending on variety and market)

• Annual revenue potential: ₹4–8 lakh per acre

Marketing Your Mango Farming Business

Your profitability depends on how you sell your produce. Options include:

• Local fruit markets and wholesale dealers

• Direct-to-consumer sales (farm stands, farmers’ markets)

• Supplying to supermarkets and restaurants

• Exporting premium varieties to international markets

• Processing into pulp, juice, pickles, and dried mango for higher margins

Sustainable Practices in Mango Farming

Consumers are increasingly looking for chemical-free and eco-friendly produce. Adopting sustainable practices like organic fertilizers, drip irrigation, and renewable energy can boost both your brand image and profits.

Conclusion

The mango farming business is more than just growing fruit—it’s an opportunity to build a long-term, profitable agricultural enterprise. With careful planning, the right variety selection, and effective marketing strategies, you can turn your mango orchard into a thriving business. Whether you’re a new farmer or an experienced grower, the demand for quality mangoes ensures a bright future for those willing to invest in this golden fruit.